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  <meta name="description" content="小白的故事 本故事纯属虚构，如有雷同，^0^那可太巧了  小白正在开心的写代码，刚刚完成了产品小伙伴的一个需求。还是小有成就感的，正准备起来活动活动喝杯水。谁知产品小伙伴有风风火火的跑过来。“小白，小白，客户还是感觉以前的交互方式用着顺手。让把功能改回去”。产品小伙伴喊道。听到这个消息，小白满脸的黑线。废了半天劲做出来的功能再改回去。这太坑了吧。但是没办法，谁叫客户就是上帝呢，改吧。开始撤销，ct">
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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">7.时光倒流

              
            
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        <h2 id="小白的故事"><a href="#小白的故事" class="headerlink" title="小白的故事"></a>小白的故事</h2><blockquote>
<p>本故事纯属虚构，如有雷同，^0^那可太巧了</p>
</blockquote>
<p>小白正在开心的写代码，刚刚完成了产品小伙伴的一个需求。还是小有成就感的，正准备起来活动活动喝杯水。谁知产品小伙伴有风风火火的跑过来。<br>“小白，小白，客户还是感觉以前的交互方式用着顺手。让把功能改回去”。产品小伙伴喊道。<br>听到这个消息，小白满脸的黑线。废了半天劲做出来的功能再改回去。这太坑了吧。<br>但是没办法，谁叫客户就是上帝呢，改吧。<br>开始撤销，<code>ctrl z</code>。。。<br>what，没法撤销了？编辑器撤销的步骤有限，这可如何是好啊，难道要手动改代码？这也太悲剧了吧。<br>“对了找大神问一下，看git有没有办法回退”小白灵光一闪想起来老鸟。</p>
<p>老鸟一听到小白喊他“大神”，瞬间心情舒畅跑过来知道小白。</p>
<p>“你是要回退以前的版本吗？”老鸟问道。<br>“恩恩”小白点头<br>“回退其实很简单，看我操作，要记住啊”说完，做到小白的坐位上开始了他的神操作。</p>
<p>“首先用<code>git log</code>看一下你的提交记录”，老鸟说道<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ git log</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Author: shooke &lt;xingjiehu@163.com&gt;</span><br><span class="line">Date:   Sat Mar 14 16:45:03 2020 +0800</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &lt;E7&gt;&lt;8A&gt;&lt;B6&gt;&lt;E6&gt;&lt;80&gt;&lt;81&gt;&lt;E4&gt;&lt;BF&gt;&lt;AE&gt;&lt;E6&gt;&lt;94&gt;&lt;B9&gt;&lt;E5&gt;&lt;92&gt;&lt;8C&gt;&lt;E5&gt;&lt;AF&gt;&lt;B9&gt;&lt;E6&gt;&lt;AF&gt;&lt;94&gt;&lt;E6&gt;&lt;97&gt;&lt;B6&gt;&lt;E9&gt;&lt;97&gt;&lt;B4&gt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">commit 3e14b6822063c7add663cd79756e77818e821819</span><br><span class="line">Author: shooke &lt;xingjiehu@163.com&gt;</span><br><span class="line">Date:   Sat Mar 14 00:30:27 2020 +0800</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &lt;E5&gt;&lt;AE&gt;&lt;A1&gt;&lt;E6&gt;&lt;A0&gt;&lt;B8&gt;&lt;E7&gt;&lt;8A&gt;&lt;B6&gt;&lt;E6&gt;&lt;80&gt;&lt;81&gt;&lt;E4&gt;&lt;BF&gt;&lt;AE&gt;&lt;E6&gt;&lt;94&gt;&lt;B9&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>“咦，你这里git log居然乱码啊”，老鸟说道<br>“这是咋回事啊”，小白疑惑<br>“好办，编码问题解决一下就可以了”。老鸟输入了如下三条命令<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git config --global i18n.commitencoding utf-8</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">git config --global i18n.logoutputencoding utf-8</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">export LESSCHARSET=utf-8</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>再次执行<code>git log</code>果然好了<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git log</span><br><span class="line">commit 6531ff6013dd490f60bcd646ca01df61a1ecc8b1 (HEAD -&gt; dev, origin/master, origin/dev, origin/HEAD, master)</span><br><span class="line">Author: shooke &lt;xingjiehu@163.com&gt;</span><br><span class="line">Date:   Sat Mar 14 16:45:03 2020 +0800</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    状态修改和对比时间</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">commit 3e14b6822063c7add663cd79756e77818e821819</span><br><span class="line">Author: shooke &lt;xingjiehu@163.com&gt;</span><br><span class="line">Date:   Sat Mar 14 00:30:27 2020 +0800</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    审核状态修改</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">...</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>“log记录有时候很多，你可以不停的按<code>j</code>和<code>k</code>来实现向下或向上查看内容，不行看了，就输入<code>:q</code>退出。就跟vim编辑器使用方式一样”老鸟说。</p>
<p>“想要退回到那里，用<code>git reset</code>会退到对应的commit id就可以了。比如会退到<code>审核状态修改</code>。老鸟边说变执行命令<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git reset --hard 3e14b6822063c</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>打开编辑器，小白发现，代码真的回到以前了。</p>
<p>“大神，commit id怎么输入了一部分啊，不需要全部输入吗”，小白激动说道</p>
<p>“不需要，只要git能够确定唯一的commit就行了，一般也就输入前几位”，老鸟说。</p>
<p>“每次都要看commit id好麻烦啊，有没有简单的方法？”小白谦虚问道</p>
<p>“当然有啊，可以用HEAD加上<code>^</code>或者<code>～n</code>回退啊”。老鸟说</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git reset --hard HEAD^</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>“这样就会回退一条commit,如果退两条，就再加一个^，退几条就加几个^”老鸟说<br>”那退20条，岂不是20个^,多麻烦啊“，小白说<br>”孺子可教啊，这要用~n了，可以这样写“，老鸟说<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git reset --hard HEAD~20</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>“明白了，谢谢大神”小白说道。<br>”你刚才要回退到那条commit啊“老鸟问道<br>”啊，我只需要退一条就行了，咱们刚才退了这么多，怎么办啊“小白说</p>
<p>”这怕啥，你只要知道历史中的commit id，就不用担心，及时你回退了50条，要回到第二条也没问题“老鸟边说变敲下哦了命令<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git reset --hard 3e14b6822063c7add663cd79756e77818e821819</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>”你看这不是回到你第二条命令时的状态了吗，只要你记得回退前的commit id，随时可以穿梭到任何commit“老鸟说道。</p>
<p>小白豁然开朗，原来历史是可以任意切换的，并不是回退了就抹除了。</p>
<h2 id="小结"><a href="#小结" class="headerlink" title="小结"></a>小结</h2><ol>
<li>解决乱码<br><code>git config --global i18n.commitencoding utf-8</code>  该命令表示提交命令的时候使用utf-8编码集提交</li>
</ol>
<p><code>git config --global i18n.logoutputencoding utf-8</code> 该命令表示日志输出时使用utf-8编码集显示</p>
<p><code>export LESSCHARSET=utf-8</code> 设置LESS字符集为utf-8，为了让配置一直有效，可以把这个设置添加到<code>~/.bashrc</code>,然后执行<code>source ~/.bashrc</code></p>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>查看历史<br><code>git log</code>可以查看历史。但是如果用<code>git reset</code>回退了，是看不到被退回的历史的，如果要保证历史，可以使用<code>git revert</code>，后面会讲这个命令<br><code>git log --stat</code> 显示commit历史，以及每次commit发生变更的文件<br><code>git log -S [keyword]</code> 搜索提交历史，根据关键词<br><code>git log [tag] HEAD --pretty=format:%s</code> 显示某个commit之后的所有变动，每个commit占据一行<br><code>git log [tag] HEAD --grep feature</code> 显示某个commit之后的所有变动，其”提交说明”必须符合搜索条件<br><code>git log --follow [file]</code>或<code>git whatchanged [file]</code> 显示某个文件的版本历史，包括文件改名<br><code>git log -p [file]</code> 显示指定文件相关的每一次diff<br><code>git log -5 --pretty --oneline</code> 显示过去5次提交</p>
</li>
<li><p>历史切换<br><code>git reset HEAD^</code>可以向前撤销一次，多个<code>^</code>可以撤销多条历史，或者使用<code>git reset HEAD~5</code>这样可以一次撤销5条历史<br><code>git reset</code>可以任意切换到某个历史，使用<code>git reset --hard commitid</code>即可，commit id不一定要全的，可以只写前几位</p>
</li>
</ol>

      
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